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P. jirovecii This test looks for P. jirovecii fungus in your lung tissue or in fluid from a lung. This fungus causes pneumocystis pneumonia.		PA The prealbumin screen is a blood test to see whether you are getting enough protein in your diet.
Pacemaker Implantation During a pacemaker insertio, a small electronic device is implanted in the chest (just below the collarbone) to help regulate electrical problems with the heart.		Pacemaker Insertion During a pacemaker insertio, a small electronic device is implanted in the chest (just below the collarbone) to help regulate electrical problems with the heart.
Pacemakers A pacemaker is a small device implanted under the skin that sends electrical signals to start or regulate a slow heartbeat.		Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) Detailed information on living with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Pacifier Use Thumb sucking is normal in infants and young children. It shouldn't cause any permanent problems if your child stops by age 5.		Packed cell volume This test measures how much of your blood is made up of red blood cells. Too many or too few red blood cells can cause health problems.
PaCO2 An arterial blood gas analysis measures the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood to see how well your lungs are working.		Pain Management It's normal to expect a certain amount of pain after surgery, but if the pain does not subside with pain medication, you may have a more serious problem. Your doctors and nurses will ask about your pain because they want you to be comfortable.
Pancreas CT Scan CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are often used to assess the pancreas for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.		Pancreas Disease, Diagnosis Detailed information on the most common diagnostic procedures for liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorders
Pancreas Scan A pancreas scan uses nuclear radiology to search for, and sometime treat, tumors in the pancreas.		Pancreas Scintigraphy A pancreas scan uses nuclear radiology to search for, and sometime treat, tumors in the pancreas.
Pancreas Transplantation Pancreas transplantation is a type of surgery in which you receive a healthy donor pancreas. It is an option for some people with type 1 diabetes.		Pancreatic Cancer Detailed information on pancreatic cancer, including types of benign tumors in the pancreas, malignant pancreatic cancers, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment
Pancreatic Disorder Diagnosis Detailed information on the most common diagnostic procedures for liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorders		Pancreatic Disorders: Online Resources List of online resources to find additional information on liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorders
Pancreatic Polypeptide This test measures a substance in your blood called pancreatic polypeptide. Higher levels may mean you have a type of pancreatic tumor.		Pancreatitis Detailed information on pancreatitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Panic Disorder Panic disorder is marked by chronic, repeated, and unexpected panic attacks—bouts of overwhelming fear of being in danger when there is no specific cause for the fear.		PaO2 An arterial blood gas analysis measures the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood to see how well your lungs are working.
Pap This screening test looks for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor can treat them right away, before they become cancerous.		Pap Screening A Pap test is a screening test to collect and microscopically examine cells taken from the cervix.
Pap smear This screening test looks for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor can treat them right away, before they become cancerous.		Pap Smear A Pap test is a screening test to collect and microscopically examine cells taken from the cervix.
Pap smear test This screening test looks for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor can treat them right away, before they become cancerous.		Pap test This screening test looks for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor can treat them right away, before they become cancerous.
Pap Test A Pap test is a screening test to collect and microscopically examine cells taken from the cervix.		Papanicolaou test This screening test looks for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor can treat them right away, before they become cancerous.
Papanicolaou Test A Pap test is a screening test to collect and microscopically examine cells taken from the cervix.		Paracetamol The acetaminophen drug level is a blood test used to screen for the presence of the common pain reliever acetaminophen.
Parasitic Infections of the Skin Detailed information on the most common parasitic infections of the skin, including creeping eruption, lice, and scabies		Parasitic Skin Infections Detailed information on parasitic skin infections, including scabies and lice
Parathormone This test measures a substance called parathyroid hormone in your blood. This hormone is needed to help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.		Parathyrin This test measures a substance called parathyroid hormone in your blood. This hormone is needed to help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.
Parathyroid Hormone This test measures a substance called parathyroid hormone in your blood. This hormone is needed to help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.		Parathyroid hormone assay This test measures a substance called parathyroid hormone in your blood. This hormone is needed to help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.
Parathyroid Tumor Detailed information on parathyroid tumors, including symptoms and treatment		Parkinson's Disease (PD) Parkinson's disease is the most common form of parkinsonism, a group of motor system disorders. PD is slowly progressing and degenerative.
Partial Colectomy		Partial Mastectomy A lumpectomy is a type of breast-conserving surgery in which a cancerous lump and a portion of the breast tissue around the cancerous lump are removed, leaving the breast intact.
Partial thromboplastin time This test clocks the amount of time it takes for your blood to form a clot. You may need this test if your doctor suspects that you have a bleeding disorder.		Partial Thromboplastin Time This test is used to help diagnose bleeding problems and clotting disorders. It's often done before surgery to find out if you're at risk for uncontrolled bleeding.
Parvovirus This test checks for a current or past infection with the virus that causes fifth disease in children.		Parvovirus B19 antibody This test checks for a current or past infection with the virus that causes fifth disease in children.
Parvovirus B19 IgM This test checks for a current or past infection with the virus that causes fifth disease in children.		Parvovirus B19-specific IgG antibody This test checks for a current or past infection with the virus that causes fifth disease in children.
Patch Tests Detailed information on the most common types of skin tests, including patch testing, skin biopsy, and skin culture		Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner's Knee) Runner's knee occurs when the kneecap rubs against the thighbone as it moves. The condition can be caused by a structural defect or a certain way of walking or running.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) PDA is a heart problem in which the connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery remains open after birth, instead of closing as it should.		Pathology, Clinical Detailed information on clinical pathology and the specimens that are tested
Pathology, Screening Tests Detailed information on the most common types of screening tests for common diseases		Patient Rights If you are unhappy with the home health or hospice care you are receiving, you should notify the provider's administrator, your state health department, and the Better Business Bureau.
Paying for Home Health and Hospice Care Home health care services may be paid for directly by the patient, through insurance coverage, or through other public or private sources. Most hospice care programs are provided to the patient regardless of the patient's ability to pay.		PCI During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.
PCL Reconstruction Knee ligament repair is used when a knee ligament is torn and results in instability in the knee.		PCL Repair Knee ligament repair is used when a knee ligament is torn and results in instability in the knee.
PCL Repair/Reconstruction Knee ligament repair is used when a knee ligament is torn and results in instability in the knee.		PCP This test looks for P. jirovecii fungus in your lung tissue or in fluid from a lung. This fungus causes pneumocystis pneumonia.
PCR for Toxoplasma gondii DNA This test looks for a parasite that can infect an unborn child. A pregnant woman can pick up this parasite by eating undercooked meat, drinking contaminated water, or handling cat feces.		PCTA During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.
PCV This test measures how much of your blood is made up of red blood cells. Too many or too few red blood cells can cause health problems.		Peak Expiratory Flow Measurement Peak flow measurement is a procedure that records the amount of air flowing out of your lungs. Peak flow can be measured with either a spirometer or a peak flow meter.
Peak Flow Measurement Peak flow measurement is a procedure that records the amount of air flowing out of your lungs. Peak flow can be measured with either a spirometer or a peak flow meter.		Peak Flow Meter Peak flow measurement is a procedure that records the amount of air flowing out of your lungs. Peak flow can be measured with either a spirometer or a peak flow meter.
Pediatric Appendectomy A pediatric appendectomy is a surgery that's performed to remove a child's appendix. The appendix is a small pouch that's attached to the large intestine on the lower right side of the abdomen.		Pelvic Pain Pelvic pain is a common complaint among women. Its nature and intensity may fluctuate, and its cause is often obscure.
Pelvic Scan Ultrasound, or sound wave technology, is used to examine the organs and structures in the female pelvis.		Pelvic Ultrasonography Ultrasound, or sound wave technology, is used to examine the organs and structures in the female pelvis.
Pelvic Ultrasound Ultrasound, or sound wave technology, is used to examine the organs and structures in the female pelvis.		Pelvis Disorders: Online Resources List of online resources to find additional information on spine, shoulder, and pelvis disorders
Pelvis Facts Detailed anatomical description of the spine, shoulder, and pelvis, including full-color, labeled illustrations		Pelvis Problems Detailed information on the most common pelvis problems, including pelvic fractures and osteitis pubis
Pelviscopy Laparoscopy is a procedure that utilizes a laparoscope, a thin flexible tube containing a video camera to examine the organs of the abdominal cavity.		Penis Foreskin Removal Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin that covers the tip of the penis.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.		Percutaneous Endoscopic Cecostomy Cecostomy is a fairly new surgical procedure that is used to clear the bowels of fecal matter. It’s typically used for children with fecal incontinence related to severe disorders.
Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy A kidney biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present, or to determine how well the kidney is working.		Percutaneous Liver Biopsy A liver biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples from the liver are removed for examination under a microscope to look for signs of damage or disease. It is used to diagnose many liver conditions.
Percutaneous Needle Lung Biopsy A lung biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.		Percutaneous Pleural Biopsy A pleural biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of the pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lungs) is removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if disease, infection, or cancer is present.
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.		Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stent Placement During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Vertebroplasty is a procedure in which a special medical-grade cement mixture is injected into a fractured vertebra		Perfusion Lung Scan A lung scan is a procedure that uses nuclear radiology to assess the function and structure of the lungs. It is most often performed when problems with the lungs and respiratory tract are suspected.
Pericarditis Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac (membrane) that surrounds the heart.		Pericarditis in Children Pericarditis is inflammation or infection of the pericardium, the thin sac that surrounds the heart.
Perimenopause Perimenopause is the period of time before menstruation stops. This time is marked by changes in the menstrual cycle, along with other physical and emotional symptoms.		Perineal Prostatectomy, Radical A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure for the partial or complete removal of the prostate. It may be performed to treat prostatic cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Perineotomy During childbirth, the vagina may not stretch enough. If this occurs, your health care provider may perform an episiotomy to help enlarge the opening and deliver the baby.		Periodontal Disease Periodontal diseases, also called gum diseases, are serious bacterial infections that destroy the gums and the surrounding tissues of the mouth.
Periodontal Diseases Detailed information on periodontal disease, including types, symptoms, causes, and treatment		Peripheral blood film This test looks at the number and shape of your red and white blood cells and platelets to see whether they are normal.
Peripheral blood smear This test looks at the number and shape of your red and white blood cells and platelets to see whether they are normal.		Peripheral Vascular Disease Detailed information on peripheral vascular disease, including symptoms, diagnostic, and treatment information
Peritoneoscopy Laparoscopy is a procedure that utilizes a laparoscope, a thin flexible tube containing a video camera to examine the organs of the abdominal cavity.		Peritonitis Detailed information on peritonitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) The head is one of the most fragile parts on your baby, especially after birth. Sometimes, damage can occur, particularly if your baby is born prematurely. One type of brain damage is called periventricular leukomalacia. Read on to better understand what this diagnosis means for you and your baby, and what doctors can do to help.		Permanent Brachytherapy Brachytherapy is radiation treatment that is given inside the patient, as close to the cancer as possible. The radiation is delivered to the body site with radioactive isotopes inside wires, seeds, or rods. These devices are called implants.
Permanent Colostomy A colostomy is an operation that creates an opening for the colon, or large intestine, through the abdomen. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent. It is usually performed after bowel surgery or injury.		Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension In this condition, a newborn's circulation changes back to the circulation of a fetus, where much of the blood flow bypasses the lungs.
Personality Disorders Detailed information on the most common types of personality disorders, including paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, narcissisti		Pervasive Developmental Disorders Children with PDD have difficulty with language, communication, socialization, and motor behaviors. Autism is an example of a PDD.
PET Scan Positron emission tomography (PET) is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine various body tissues to identify certain conditions. PET may also be used to follow the progress of the treatment of certain conditions.		Peyronie's Disease Peyronie's disease is characterized by a plaque, or hard lump, that forms on the erection tissue of the penis.
PFM Peak flow measurement is a procedure that records the amount of air flowing out of your lungs. Peak flow can be measured with either a spirometer or a peak flow meter.		PFTs Pulmonary function tests measure how well your lungs are functioning and are used to help diagnose certain lung disorders.
Phenobarbital This test measures the amount of the drug phenobarbital in your blood. Phenobarbital is used to treat epilepsy.		Phenobarbital drug level This test measures the amount of the drug phenobarbital in your blood. Phenobarbital is used to treat epilepsy.
Phenobarbital drug monitoring This test measures the amount of the drug phenobarbital in your blood. Phenobarbital is used to treat epilepsy.		Phenylketonuria (PKU) This test checks newborns for PKU, a condition that can cause brain damage and severe intellectual disability if untreated.
Pheochromocytoma Detailed information on pheochromocytoma, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment		Phimosis and Paraphimosis Detailed information on phimosis and paraphimosis, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Phlebectomy More than one in five women has some form of varicose condition. Varicose and spider veins can be treated in several ways, including injections, surgery, and laser.		Phlebography A combination of contrast dye and X-rays are used to visualize the veins in the legs in order to diagnose deep vein thrombosis and other conditions.
Phobias A phobia is an uncontrollable, irrational, and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. The fear experienced by people with phobias can be so great that some go to extreme lengths to avoid the source of their fear.		Phobias in Children and Adolescents Common phobias include fear of animals, blood, heights, closed spaces, or flying. In teens, the fear must last at least six months to be considered a phobia.
Physiatrist The physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation is called a physiatrist.		Physical Abnormalities Detailed information on physical abnormalities of high-risk newborns
Physical Examination: Adolescent Male Detailed information on what males can expect during a physical examination		Pilomatrixoma Detailed information on pilomatrixoma, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Pituitary Tumors Detailed information on pituitary gland tumors, including symptoms, causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment		Pityriasis Rosea Detailed information on pityriasis rosea, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Pityriasis Rosea in Children Detailed information on pityriasis rosea, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment		PKU screening This test checks newborns for PKU, a condition that can cause brain damage and severe intellectual disability if untreated.
PKU test This test checks newborns for PKU, a condition that can cause brain damage and severe intellectual disability if untreated.		Plan and Prepare for Pregnancy Detailed information on planning and preparing for a healthy pregnancy
Planning a Pregnancy Planning ahead and taking care of yourself before becoming pregnant is the best thing you can do for you and your baby.		Planning To Travel Detailed information on travel and planning to travel
Plasma acylcarnitine analysis This test measures the amount of a substance called carnitine in your blood. Carnitine makes it possible for your body to digest fatty acids.		Plasma carnitine This test measures the amount of a substance called carnitine in your blood. Carnitine makes it possible for your body to digest fatty acids.
Plasma cortisol This test may help in the diagnosis of two fairly uncommon medical conditions: Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease. The test also screens for other diseases that affect your pituitary and adrenal glands.		Plasma free This test measures the substances metanephrine and normetanephrine in your blood. It helps find out whether you have a tumor of the adrenal glands.
Plasma pancreatic polypeptide This test measures a substance in your blood called pancreatic polypeptide. Higher levels may mean you have a type of pancreatic tumor.		Plasmodium (Blood) This test looks for Plasmodium parasites in your blood. The parasites cause malaria, a serious disease that can be fatal if left untreated.
Plastic Surgery Statistics Statistical information relating to plastic surgery, including cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery		Plastic Surgery Techniques Two common techniques are endoscopic surgery, performed with a tubular probe, and flap surgery, in which healthy tissue is moved from one part of the body to another.
Plastic Surgery, Cosmetic Cosmetic plastic surgery is performed in order to change one's appearance. For some, it may mean redesigning the body's contour and shape or the elimination of wrinkles. Others may choose varicose vein treatment or breast augmentation.		Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive The goal of reconstructive plastic surgery is to improve body function, but the surgery may also be performed to create a more normal appearance and improve self-esteem.
Plastic Surgery, Techniques Two common techniques are endoscopic surgery, performed with a tubular probe, and flap surgery, in which healthy tissue is moved from one part of the body to another.		Platelet Antibody This test looks for platelet antibodies in your blood in order to find out the cause of a low platelet count.
Platelet count This test measures the number of platelet cells in your blood. It can give your doctor valuable information about how well your blood clots to stop bleeding, how well your bone marrow is working, and about diseases that affect your platelet count.		Platelets This test measures the number of platelet cells in your blood. It can give your doctor valuable information about how well your blood clots to stop bleeding, how well your bone marrow is working, and about diseases that affect your platelet count.
Pleural Biopsy A pleural biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of the pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lungs) is removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if disease, infection, or cancer is present.		Pleural Fluid Analysis Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall to remove fluid or air from between the lungs and the interior chest wall.
Pleural Fluid Aspiration Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall to remove fluid or air from between the lungs and the interior chest wall.		Pleural Tap Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall to remove fluid or air from between the lungs and the interior chest wall.
Plugged Milk Ducts For mothers who breastfeed, some may be more susceptible to plugged ducts than others. Get some quick tips on how to avoid and manage this concern, so you can keep you and your baby happy and healthy!		PM and R Treatment Team Detailed information on the physical medicine and rehabilitation treatment team
Pneumococcus Pneumococcus bacteria can cause serious illness in children, including pneumonia, infection in the blood, and meningitis.		Pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs. It is often called an occupational lung disease.
Pneumocystis Jirovecii (Tissue, Fluid) This test looks for P. jirovecii fungus in your lung tissue or in fluid from a lung. This fungus causes pneumocystis pneumonia.		Pneumocystis pneumonia This test looks for P. jirovecii fungus in your lung tissue or in fluid from a lung. This fungus causes pneumocystis pneumonia.
Pneumonia Pneumonia is a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid.		Pneumonia in Children Detailed information on pneumonia, including different types, diagnosis, and treatment
Pneumonia testing If your health care provider suspects that you have this type of pneumonia, he or she may do a swab test of your nose or throat.		Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is a lung disorder in which air in the lungs leaks out through holes in the lung tissue into the spaces outside the lung airways.
Poison Ivy and Children Detailed information on poison ivy/poison oak, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention		Poisoning Detailed information on poisoning, including poison on the skin, in the eye, and poisonous fumes and gas
Poisons and Children Detailed information on poisoning, preventing poisoning and how to respond in an emergency		Poisons Overview Detailed information on poisoning, preventing poisoning and how to respond in an emergency
Polio (IPV) The poliovirus destroys the nervous system, causing paralysis. Today, polio is extremely rare in the United States because of the polio vaccine. It's still common in other countries, though, so children still need to be immunized.		Poliomyelitis (Polio) Detailed information on poliomyelitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
Pollen and Children Detailed information on pollen allergy, also called hay fever, including information on which plants produce the most pollen and allergic rhinitis prevention during pollen season		Polycystic Kidney Disease Detailed information on the different types of polycystic kidney disease, including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and acquired cystic kidney disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease Detailed information on the different types of polycystic kidney disease, including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and acquired cystic kidney disease		Polycythemia Mild polycythemia may not cause problems, but too many red blood cells can increase the blood volume or thicken the blood, making it harder to circulate through the blood system and to the organs.
Polycythemia Vera Detailed information on polycythemia vera, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment		Polymerase chain reaction for Toxoplasma gondii DNA This test looks for a parasite that can infect an unborn child. A pregnant woman can pick up this parasite by eating undercooked meat, drinking contaminated water, or handling cat feces.
Polysomnogram A sleep study - or polysomnogram - consists of a number of medical tests performed at the same time during sleep. The tests measure specific sleep characteristics and help to diagnose sleep disorders.		Porphyrins (Urine) This test looks for substances called porphyrins in your urine. If high levels are present, you may have a disease that affects the way the hemoglobin in your blood works.
Portal Hypertension Portal hypertension is high blood pressure of the portal vein, which is in your abdomen. It collects nutrient-rich blood from your intestines and carries it to the liver for cleaning.		Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) Positron emission tomography (PET) is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine various body tissues to identify certain conditions. PET may also be used to follow the progress of the treatment of certain conditions.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan Positron emission tomography (PET) is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine various body tissues to identify certain conditions. PET may also be used to follow the progress of the treatment of certain conditions.		Posterior Pituitary Disorders Detailed information on posterior pituitary disorders
Posterior Urethral Valves Detailed information on posterior urethral valves, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment		Post-Mastectomy Detailed information for women following a mastectomy, including breast reconstruction, lymphedema prevention, and breast prosthesis
Post-Mastectomy Prosthesis A prosthesis can be worn against the skin, inside the pocket of a mastectomy bra, or attached to the chest wall. Prosthetic devices are designed to look feminine and be comfortable.		Postmaturity The most common symptoms of postmaturity in a baby are dry, peeling skin; overgrown nails; and abundant scalp hair.
Postoperative Management Detailed information on postoperative management		Postpartum Care Detailed information on caring for the mother physically and emotionally following childbirth, including information on postpartum depression
Postpartum Hemorrhage Postpartum hemorrhage is excessive bleeding after the birth of a baby. Most postpartum hemorrhage occurs right after delivery, but it can occur later as well.		Postpartum Thyroiditis Postpartum thyroiditis is a temporary but fairly common condition that results in either an overactive or underactive thyroid.
Post-Term Pregnancy A pregnancy that lasts more than 42 weeks is considered post-term. Post-term pregnancy is associated with longer labors and the need for cesarean delivery.		Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is a condition that often follows a terrifying physical or emotional event—causing the person who survived the event to have persistent, frightening thoughts and memories of the ordeal.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children A serious accident such as a car wreck, or a natural disaster such as a flood can cause PTSD in a child. Physical or sexual abuse and neglect can be other causes.		Potassium This test measures the amount of potassium in your blood. It's often part of a routine blood test to check your level of electrolytes.
Potassium (K) This test measures the main electrolytes in your body: sodium, chloride, potassium, and carbon dioxide.		Potential Emergency Situations and Conditions Detailed information on potential emergency situations and conditions, including animal bites, rabies, cat scratch disease, appendicitis, asthma attack, chest pain, heart attack, dehydration, heat stroke, fever, food allergy, food-drug interaction, frostb
PP This test measures a substance in your blood called pancreatic polypeptide. Higher levels may mean you have a type of pancreatic tumor.		Prealbumin (Blood) The prealbumin screen is a blood test to see whether you are getting enough protein in your diet.
Precocious Puberty (Early Puberty) Detailed information on precocious puberty, including causes, symptom, diagnosis, and treatment		Pregnancy Detailed information on pregnancy and childbirth, including information on birth statistics, pregnancy planning, preconception care, prenatal care, pregnancy discomforts, pregnancy tests, pregnancy risks, pregnancy warning signs, labor and delivery, breas
Pregnancy Complications Detailed information on the most common complications during pregnancy		Pregnancy Test The signs of pregnancy vary from woman to woman, but the most obvious sign usually is a missed period.
Pregnancy Ultrasound Fetal ultrasound is a test used during pregnancy that creates an image of the fetus in the mother's uterus, or womb.		Pregnancy, Common Tests Certain tests and screenings may be scheduled during your pregnancy. Your health care provider will advise you on which tests you'll need.
Premature Infant, Apnea It’s a cliché that many new parents need to reassure themselves that the baby is still breathing. But what if your baby really is having breathing problems? A breathing condition called apnea of prematurity affects some babies, especially if they’re born early. But you can learn what symptoms to look for.		Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)/Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) Rupture of the membranes near the end of pregnancy may be caused by a natural weakening of the membranes or from the force of contractions.
Prematurity Other terms often used for prematurity are preterm and "preemie." Many premature babies also weigh less than 5.5 pounds and may be referred to as low birthweight.		Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) PMDD is a much more severe form of premenstrual syndrome. Women with a personal or family history of mood disorders or postpartum depression may be at higher risk for this disorder.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Most females experience some unpleasant or uncomfortable symptoms during their menstrual cycle. The type and intensity of symptoms vary.		Prenatal Medical Care It may seem like you are having a lot of appointments, but regular visits to your doctor are an important part of a healthy pregnancy. You and your growing baby will be carefully monitored, with tests done to assess any potential risks and develop a treatment plan, if needed.
Prenatal Screening Certain tests and screenings may be scheduled during your pregnancy. Your health care provider will advise you on which tests you'll need.		Preoperative Management Detailed information on preoperative management
Preoperative Tests Many surgeons order routine laboratory tests before admission to the hospital, or even before certain outpatient procedures, to identify potential problems that might complicate surgery if not detected and treated early.		Preparing for Surgery How should you prepare for surgery? That depends on the type of surgery and type of anesthesia that will be used.
Presbycusis Presbycusis is the gradual loss of hearing that occurs as people age. One in three older adults older than 60 has hearing loss. Half of people older than 75 have hearing loss.		Preschool and School-Aged Problems of the Teeth and Mouth Detailed information on preschool and school-aged problems of the teeth and mouth
Preschooler Nutrition Preschool children are still developing their eating habits and need encouragement to eat healthy meals and snacks.		Preterm Labor Preterm birth is the greatest problem associated with preterm labor. Although most babies are born after 37 weeks, those born preterm are at increased risks for many complications.
Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases Detailed information on lifestyle changes necessary to lower your risk for heart disease		Preventing Falls About 75 percent of all falls occur at home. Taking certain precautions and exercising to stay physically strong can prevent many of them.
Preventing Obesity Given the chronic diseases and conditions associated with obesity and the fact that obesity is difficult to treat, prevention is extremely important.		Preventing Skin Cancer Detailed information on skin cancer prevention
Preventing Unintentional Injuries Overview Detailed information on preventing unintentional injuries		Prevention of Infectious Diseases Detailed information on prevention of infectious diseases
Prevention of Oral Diseases / Dental Problems Detailed information on the prevention of oral diseases and dental problems		Preventive Care, Breast Health To monitor your breast health, you should do a monthly breast self-exam, get a year clinical exam, and get mammograms as directed by your doctor.
Prickly Heat Detailed information on prickly heat, including symptoms and treatment		Primary Hyperparathyroidism Primary hyperparathyroidism is a metabolic disorder in which the parathyroid glands produce too much hormone, which can result in the loss of bone tissue.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Detailed information on primary pulmonary hypertension, primary pulmonary hypertension causes, primary pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, primary pulmonary hypertension treatment		PRL test This test measures the level of prolactin in your blood. The test can help find out whether you have a pituitary gland tumor.
Pro Time This test is one of several that looks at how well your blood clots. Your doctor may use this test to help diagnose a blood clotting disorder.		Problems Affecting the Lower Digestive Tract Detailed information on problems affecting the lower digestive tract of children
Problems Affecting the Upper Digestive Tract Detailed information on problems affecting the upper digestive tract of children		Problems in Prenatal Development of the Digestive Tract Detailed information on problems in prenatal development of the digestive tract
Problems in Puberty Detailed information on problems in puberty, including precocious puberty, gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty, and delayed puberty		Problems Involving Heart Rhythm Detailed information on problems involving heart rhythm
Procedure, Tilt Table This is a diagnostic procedure often used to assess syncope (fainting) by creating changes in posture from lying to standing.		Proctectomy
Proctectomy, Laparoscopic		Proctectomy, Open
Proctoscopy A sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that allows the physician to examine the lower one-third of the large intestine and is helpful in identifying the causes of diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, abnormal growths, and bleeding.		Proctosigmoidoscopy A sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that allows the physician to examine the lower one-third of the large intestine and is helpful in identifying the causes of diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, abnormal growths, and bleeding.
Progesterone This test measures the level of a hormone called progesterone in your blood. You may need this test if you are having trouble getting pregnant.		Progesterone blood test This test measures the level of a hormone called progesterone in your blood. You may need this test if you are having trouble getting pregnant.
Proinsulin (Blood) This blood test measures proinsulin, a building block for insulin. Measuring proinsulin in your blood can help figure out your risk for type 1 or type 2 diabetes.		Prolactin (Blood) This test measures the level of prolactin in your blood. The test can help find out whether you have a pituitary gland tumor.
Prostate Biopsy A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.		Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Your doctor may evaluate possible prostate problems with an annual physical and a digital rectal exam or a test for prostate-specific antigen.
Prostate Cancer in African-American Men African-American men may have the highest rate of prostate cancer incidence in the world, according to the National Cancer Institute.		Prostate Cancer Surgery Long-term, serious side effects of prostate surgery are somewhat less common now than in the past, as new surgical methods continue to be introduced.
Prostate Cryoablation		Prostate Cryosurgery
Prostate Cryotherapy		Prostate Disease Detailed information on the most common types of prostate disease, including prostatism, prostatitis, prostatalgia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, impotence (erectile dysfunction), and urinary incontinence
Prostate Gland Biopsy A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.		Prostate Resection, Transurethral A transurethral resection of the prostate is a surgical procedure that uses a tiny instrument to remove portions of the prostate gland through the penis, requiring no external incision.
Prostate, Cryoablation		Prostate, Cryotherapy
Prostate, Transurethral Resection A transurethral resection of the prostate is a surgical procedure that uses a tiny instrument to remove portions of the prostate gland through the penis, requiring no external incision.		Prostate, TURP A transurethral resection of the prostate is a surgical procedure that uses a tiny instrument to remove portions of the prostate gland through the penis, requiring no external incision.
Prostate/Rectal Sonogram A sonogram uses ultrasound technology to allow quick visualization of the prostate and related structures from outside the body. It may be used to examine the prostate gland for evidence of cancer.		Prostate/Rectal Sonography A sonogram uses ultrasound technology to allow quick visualization of the prostate and related structures from outside the body. It may be used to examine the prostate gland for evidence of cancer.
Prostatectomy A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure for the partial or complete removal of the prostate. It may be performed to treat prostatic cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).		Prostatectomy, Robotic Your prostate can be removed several ways. One way is for the surgeon to make several smaller cuts and removing the prostate using a tiny camera and surgical tools. This is called a laparoscopic prostatectomy. When a surgeon uses a robot during the procedure, it's known as a robotic prostatectomy.
Prostate-Specific Antigen This test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in your blood. If your PSA levels start to rise, you may have prostate cancer.		Protein C (Blood) This test measures the level of protein C in your blood. If you have too little protein C, called a protein C deficiency, it means that your blood may clot too much.
Protein Electrophoresis (Blood) Protein electrophoresis is a test that measures specific proteins in the blood.		Protein S (Blood) This test measures levels of protein S, a protein in the blood that helps it to clot.
Proteinuria test This test measures the amount of protein in your urine. When protein shows up in your urine, you may have kidney disease, diabetes, or another condition.		Prothrombin Time This test is one of several that looks at how well your blood clots. Your doctor may use this test to help diagnose a blood clotting disorder.
Prothrombin time/international normalized ratio This test is one of several that looks at how well your blood clots. Your doctor may use this test to help diagnose a blood clotting disorder.		Prothrombin time/PT This test is one of several that looks at how well your blood clots. Your doctor may use this test to help diagnose a blood clotting disorder.
Protoporphyrin The protoporphyrin test is used to diagnose blood abnormalities caused by lead. The test can indicate lead exposure or lead poisoning.		Protoporphyrin (Blood) The protoporphyrin test is used to diagnose blood abnormalities caused by lead. The test can indicate lead exposure or lead poisoning.
Prune Belly Syndrome Detailed information on prune belly syndrome, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment		PSA This test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in your blood. If your PSA levels start to rise, you may have prostate cancer.
Pseudocysts of the Pancreas Detailed information on pseudocysts of the pancreas, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment		Psoriasis Detailed information on psoriasis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Psoriatic Arthritis in Children Detailed information on psoriatic arthritis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment		Psychiatric Evaluation A psychiatric evaluation will look at symptoms and when they occur, as well as what impact they have on family and work relationships.
Psychiatric Treatment Team Team members may include a child and adolescent psychiatrist, a psychologist, a social worker, and a psychiatric nurse.		Psychologist, Neuropsychologist, and Psychiatrist These specialists work with the rehabilitation team to offer counseling and support for the patient and family.
Psychosocial Factors When a man is diagnosed with prostate cancer, it's normal for him to feel scared, angry, or depressed.		PT This test is one of several that looks at how well your blood clots. Your doctor may use this test to help diagnose a blood clotting disorder.
PT/INR This test is one of several that looks at how well your blood clots. Your doctor may use this test to help diagnose a blood clotting disorder.		PTCA During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.
PTH-C-Terminal This test measures a substance called parathyroid hormone in your blood. This hormone is needed to help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.		PTT This test clocks the amount of time it takes for your blood to form a clot. You may need this test if your doctor suspects that you have a bleeding disorder.
PTT This test is used to help diagnose bleeding problems and clotting disorders. It's often done before surgery to find out if you're at risk for uncontrolled bleeding.		PTT-LA This is a specialized blood test to determine whether your body is producing certain antibodies or proteins that cause you to have a blood-clotting disorder.
Puberty: Adolescent Male Detailed information on puberty and the adolescent male		Pulmonary Angiogram A pulmonary angiogram is aa procedure that uses a combination of contrast dye and X-rays to examine the blood vessels in the lungs and evaluate blood flow to the lungs.
Pulmonary Arteriogram A pulmonary angiogram is aa procedure that uses a combination of contrast dye and X-rays to examine the blood vessels in the lungs and evaluate blood flow to the lungs.		Pulmonary Artery Catheterization A right heart catheterization is performed to determine how well the heart is pumping and to measure the pressures in the heart and lungs.
Pulmonary Atresia (PA) PA is a serious heart defect in which the pulmonary valve does not allow blood to flow from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen.		Pulmonary Biopsy A lung biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.
Pulmonary Function Studies Pulmonary function tests measure how well your lungs are functioning and are used to help diagnose certain lung disorders.		Pulmonary Function Tests Pulmonary function tests measure how well your lungs are functioning and are used to help diagnose certain lung disorders.
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Detailed information on pulmonary sarcoidosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis symptoms, pulmonary sarcoidosis diagnosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis treatment		Pulmonary Stenosis Pulmonary stenosis affects the leaflets of the pulmonary valve, making it difficult for blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Pulmonic Valve Repair/Replacement Surgery Heart valve repair or replacement surgery is a treatment option when the heart valves become damaged or diseased and do not function properly.		Pulse Ox Oximetry is a procedure used to measure the oxygen level—or oxygen saturation—in the blood.
Pulse Oximetry Oximetry is a procedure used to measure the oxygen level—or oxygen saturation—in the blood.		Pulse Volume Recordings (PVRS) Vascular studies use ultrasound (sound wave) technology to assess the flow of blood in arteries and veins in the arms, legs, and neck.
Punch grafts Detailed information on different techniques for acne scar removal, including dermabrasion, chemical peels, collagen injections, laser resurfacing, punch grafts, and autologous fat transfer		Puncture Wounds A puncture wound is a deep wound made by a sharp object. This type of wound may become infected easily because dirt and germs are carried deep into the tissues.
Purpose of Having Surgery Surgery may be recommended for a variety of reasons—among them, to help with a diagnosis, to take a biopsy of a suspicious lump, to remove diseased tissues or organs, or to remove an obstruction.		PVR Vascular studies use ultrasound (sound wave) technology to assess the flow of blood in arteries and veins in the arms, legs, and neck.
Pyelogram, Antegrade An antegrade pyelogram is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dye and X-rays to diagnose obstructions and other problems in the upper urinary tract.		Pyelogram, Intravenous An intravenous pyelogram is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dyes and X-rays to look for obstructions in the blood flow of the kidneys or poor kidney function.
Pyelogram, Retrograde A retrograde pyelogram is a type of x-ray that uses dye to highlight the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis, and is usually performed during a procedure called cystoscopy.		Pyelography, Retrograde A retrograde pyelogram is a type of x-ray that uses dye to highlight the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis, and is usually performed during a procedure called cystoscopy.
Pyloric Stenosis Pyloric stenosis is a problem that affects babies between 2 and 8 weeks of age and causes forceful vomiting that can lead to dehydration.

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